Contester's Rate Sheet for November 1, 2006
******************************************** CONTESTER'S RATE SHEET 1 November 2006 Edited by Ward Silver N0AX Published by the American Radio Relay League Free to ARRL members - tell your friends! (Subscription info at the end of newsletter) ******************************************** SUMMARY o Where Are the Receive Attenuators? - ARRL CW Sweepstakes o Europe On the Air - WAE RTTY, OK DX CW, Ukraine DX, DARC 10m Corona o WRTC-2010 Qualification News o Cabrillo to RES to BIN Conversion o Unclaimed 10 Meter Contest Records o RFI and Common Mode Chokes by W1HIS o The Lube Catcher o The QSO Count Also Rises BULLETINS o No bulletins in this issue. BUSTED QSOS o The Coast to Coast contest was mistakenly re-listed - apologies. PA0LOU reports the correct 160-meter allocation for Dutch amateurs to be 1.81-1.850 MHz primary and 1.850-1.880 MHz secondary, both with a 400 watt power limit. K3NA, investigating the mixup, found the FCC reprint of the International Radio Regulations (circa 2004) at http://www.fcc.gov/oet/spectrum/table/fcctable.pdf. The Netherlands and also Austria are no longer listed in the alternative allocations listed in Note 5.98. CONTEST SUMMARY (Rules follow Commentary section) November 4-5 ARRL November Sweepstakes, CW North American Collegiate ARC Championship, CW Kentucky QSO Party High Speed Club CW Contest IPA Contest Ukranian DX Contest DARC 10-Meter Digital "Corona" Radio Club of America QSO Party November 11-12 ARRL EME Contest Japan International DX Contest, Phone Worked All Europe, RTTY OK/OM DX Contest, CW CQ Western Electric --o- ooo - --o- ooo - --o- ooo - -oo o NEWS, PRESS RELEASES, AND GENERAL INTEREST - oooo o o-o o- - o ooo oooo o o - -o- Just a friendly reminder, phone ops need to remember to leave room for their single sideband between the dial frequency and the edge of the band. For example, I heard lots and lots of US stations answering or calling CQs above 14347 kHz this weekend. BZZZZT! Your sidebands are hanging out of the band, dude! If you took a peek at W1VE's real-time scoring site (http://www.getscores.org/) this past weekend, then you may also be interested in RFSport (http://www.rfsport.com/). W2EV and the development team led by N7YG and K4HG have taken an alternate approach to the XML interface. RFSport, which is currently focused on VHF+ contesting, requires the use of an approved logging program to equalize features and the information exposed to other competitors. The program and Web site are under active development. Both approaches have their strong points and it will be interesting to see each system develop. (Thanks, Ev W2EV) If you are teaching or mentoring (or learning!) Morse code, Ray G4FON has just released version 9 of his Koch Method Morse trainer (http://www.g4fon.net/). He says that it features a more flexible user interface and a few other new goodies, as well. If you were working on something at the same time you were watching the Cardinals and the Tigers duke it out, does that mean you were doing it in parallel with the series? One of the most common logging erors in the Sweepstakes contest is entering a section abbreviation incorrectly. This is especially true for beginning contesters. For example, I have seen beginners enter Missouri as MI, MS, and MO. Take an extra minute or two to point out the proper abbreviations for whatever logging software is being used. There is a list of abbreviations at http://www.arrl.org/contests/forms that will help reduce confusion. When in doubt, ask the station, or if asked, use standard phonetics. From Gerry G0RTN's email signature: "In days of old, when ops were bold, and sidebands not invented, The word would pass, by pounding brass, and all were well contented." Norm KA4PUV's radio club has just completed a series of ten study guides for the Technician exam in PowerPoint format. They can be used either for self-study, or in a classroom setting. If you or someone you know can use these, they're offered to the amateur community at no charge at: http://cnormany.googlepages.com/home . In WRTC-2010 news, chairman Roman RZ3AA announces that while the qualification criteria have yet to be released, the 2006 CQ WW contests will certainly be included in the scoring calculations. Top Band in Sweepstakes? The band is little used, but definitely available, so Tree N6TR suggests giving 160-meters a short, coordinated test run in the coming CW and SSB weekends of Sweepstakes, the largest domestic US/VE contest. Tree has come up with the idea of tuning down to 160 meters at "0200Z on Monday, one hour before the end of the contest, when many of the Big Guns are hungry for contacts and can tune down to 160 with their second radio." This is something that everyone can try, so give a CQ to attract callers looking for every last QSO. Tree also suggests staying below 1820 kHz to avoid QRMing the usual DXing activity with this experiment. Amazing Contesting Energizer Bunny Jim AD1C has a written a program to convert some Cabrillo contest log formats into CT's RES format. This allows non-CT users to take advantage of CT's reports; rate breakdown, country breakdown, etc. The user must use CT to convert the RES file to BIN format. The conversion program and instructions are found at: http://software.ad1c.us/#Cabrillo and you can download CT for free from http://www.k1ea.com/ Tack JE1CKA reports that well-known contester JA1PCY Hiro Tsukahara passed away on 1st October. Along with being an active contester, Hiro was also a DXer and had participated in several DXpeditions. Hiro was a past president of HIRO-Denshi (Ham Shop) in Saitama, Japan. URL of the Week - Here's a Web site that will really exercise your knowledge of the geography of our 50 states, just in time for Sweepstakes: http://www.lizardpoint.com/fun/geoquiz/usaquiz.html . You can also try your hand with Africa, Asia, Europe, or any of the dozen or so maps on this site. oo-o oo -o -oo -o-- --- oo- o-o RESULTS AND RECORDS -o-o o- o-oo o-oo oooo o o-o o ARRL Contest Results The 2006 ARRL RTTY Roundup plaques have been shipped. Certificates have also been mailed for the January 2006 VHF Sweepstakes and the 2006 International DX Contests. (Thanks, Tom KC1J) - - - - - Ken WM5R did some digging into the ARRL 10-Meter Contest records and found some interesting things for QRP operators: * Single Operator, Phone, QRP section records remain unclaimed in 12 sections: NNY, WTX, EB, SF, ID, NV, UT, MAR, NL, MB, SK, NT. * Single Operator, Mixed Mode, QRP section records remain unclaimed in 11 sections: WMA, WPA, KY, SC, AR, MS, NE, NL, QC, MB, NT. * Single Operator, CW, QRP section records remain unclaimed in 9 sections: NNY, PAC, NE, ND, SD, MAR, NL, MB, NT. You may fire when ready, Gridley. oo oo-o oo - ooo -o --- - -ooo o-o --- -o- o TECHNICAL TIPS AND INFORMATION -o-- --- oo- o-o o -o --- - - o-o -o-- oo -o --o Chris Tran, GM3WOJ has been putting together this very useful Web site (http://www.qsl.net/gm3woj/latticetower.htm) about installing, using and maintaining the 20-meter crank-up Versatowers that are very common in the UK. The site also has lots of very useful information about tower installation and siting, etc. (Thanks, Adrian MW1LCR) Tired of RFI troubles in the shack and around your home? Several have recommended the extensive and detailed article for the Yankee Clipper Contest Club by Chuck W1HIS on using common-mode chokes (http://tinyurl.com/qnzs3) to deal with RF. By being proactive, you can make major improvements in RFI from computing and network equipment and keep peace at home by reducing or eliminating interference to audio and video equipment. A puzzled correspondent asked for help on the Towertalk reflector (http://www.contesting.com/) about a receiving problem. "I'll be tuning the band when all of a sudden the background noise level starts to drop and signals start to drop in strength. After a couple of seconds signals are severely attenuated. It's as if there is a variable attenuator in my coax line and someone turned it from 0dB to 50dB. A single tap on the CW key brings it right back to normal once again." Expert analysis on the reflector was decidedly of the opinion that this was likely due to a dirty or damaged relay or switch contact - probably in the T-R switch. Burnishing the contacts or cleaning them by sliding a slip of paper between them often restores good contact. If you are looking for schematic and PCB layout software, then KiCAD may be worth a look. KiCAD (http://www.lis.inpg.fr/realise_au_lis/kicad) is an "open-source software" electronic CAD system and includes the Eeschema (schematic editor) and PCBnew (PCB layout) programs, plus other. Versions are available for both Linux and Windows operating systems. (Thanks, Michael VE3TIX) Drip, drip, drip - all your tower cable lube is running down the side of the tower or blowing away on the wind (usually right on you). Tom N0SS attacked this problem head-on with his handy "Lube Catcher" that you can make yourself. Browse to http://www.n0ss.net/n0ss_tower_cable_lube_over-spray_catcher.pdf for photos and instructions. The overspray is caught and pools where it can run down the cable and penetrate the strands. (Thanks, Mel K0PFX) OH7SV has written a spreadsheet calculator for circular loop antennas and made it available for downloading at http://tinyurl.com/yzvha3 . The spreadsheet calculates the various parameters for circular copper loops including inductance, tuning capacitance, radiation resistance, loss resistance, efficiency, etc. (Thanks, John KU4AF) What is the most important part of the contester's body? Your shack chair knows! Along those lines, Chuck N7BV discovered Oregon Aero (http://www.oregonaero.com/), a company with a number of aviation accessories that are definitely useful in the shack. For example, the Portable Universal Softseat Cushion might help us with all those long hours of sitting during contests. The cushion is designed to be removable and so you can take it with you to the big multi-op. There are several varieties and styles. Ahhhhh! TECHNICAL URL OF THE WEEK -- Jim W6RMK contributes another excellent reference link - the Belden "Coaxial Cables and Applications" technical paper at http://tinyurl.com/vgjeg. Good reading for well-grounded fundamentals of one our most frequently used materials. o- -o-o -o-o oo- o-o o- -o-o -o-- oo ooo o--- --- -ooo CONVERSATION --- -o o oo -o -o-o --- -o - o ooo - oo -o --o This week, just prior to the first weekend of the annual gavel hunt known as Sweepstakes, I offer a provocative parody from the Northern California Contest Club. Perhaps in the next issue, we will have a contribution from the Potomac Valley Radio Club in the same vein, of approximately the same length and suitability for publication, yes? The QSO Count Also Rises By Kevin KE6RAD In the fall of 2006 the rains fell as usual and washed the towers of the dust and dripped from the guy wires onto the ground. The cars drove through the rainy streets and took the people to club meetings, then later brought them back, their tires spraying the mist into the air. Many days N6CCC stood for a long time and watched the rain and the cars and drank his double-tall mochas. With the mochas he was strong. Dean who worked the propagation prediction and who was large with microbrews came to him and told him that Sweepstakes was upon them but there were not enough operators. There was never enough operators even when you were past the CW weekend sipping a Redhook or a double-tall mocha and you thought you were safe but there were never enough and although Marc rallied the members and the mochas were hot the PVRC was there and they ate at you. When Dean told him this he asked how many Qs. "The PVRC is huge with Qs," Dean said. "The Qs are infinite." "Why do you ask me? You know I cannot do this thing anymore with the Qs." "Once you were great with the Qs," Dean said. "No one was greater," he said again. "Even Prado." "Prado? What of Prado? Let Prado log the Qs." Dean shrugged. "Prado is finished. He was gored by three CW WW DX's in Barbados. All he does now is drink herb tea and play with his logging programs." "Herb tea?" "It is true, my friend." Dean shrugged again. Later he went to his shack and sat in the dark for a long time. Then he sent e-mail to N6CCC. N6CCC came to him while he was sipping a mocha. They sat silently for awhile, then he asked N6CCC, "I need you to operate for me." N6CCC looked down. "I don't do that anymore," he said. "This is different. The Qs are enormous. There are an infinity of Qs." "I'm finished with that," N6CCC said again. "I just want to live quietly." "Have you heard Prado is finished? He was badly gored. Now he can only drink herb tea." "Herb tea?" N6CCC said. "It is true," he said sorrowfully. N6CCC stood up. "Then I will do it, my friend," he said formally. "I will do it for Prado, who was once great with the Qs. I will do it for the time Prado won only with wires, and for the time PVRC wrote us off and we slew all of them with no fear and only a great joy at the combat. I will do it for all the pizza we ate and the bottles of Coke we drank." Together they walked slowly back, knowing it would be good. As they walked the rain dripped softly from the towers. -o-o --o- - o ooo - -o-o --o- - o ooo - CONTESTS -- 1 NOVEMBER TO 14 NOVEMBER 2006 -o-o --o- - o ooo - -o-o --o- - o ooo - Note that the following abbreviations are used to condense the contest rules summaries: SO - Single-Op; M2 - Multi-Op - 2 Transmitters; MO - Multi-Op; MS - Multi-Op, Single Transmitter; MM - Multi-Op, Multiple Transmitters; AB - All Band; SB - Single Band; S/P/C - State/Province/DXCC Entity; HP - High Power (>100 W); LP - Low Power; QRP (5W or less) HF CONTESTS ARRL November Sweepstakes--CW, from 2100Z Nov 4 - 0300Z Nov 6. Frequencies: 160 - 10 meters, work stations only once. Categories: SOAB-LP (A), HP (B), QRP (Q), SO-Unlimited (U), MS (M), School Club (S). Exchange: Serial number, Category (precedence), Call, Check (last two digits of first year licensed), and ARRL section. QSO Points: 2 pts/QSO. Score: QSO points x sections (counted only once). For more information: http://www.arrl.org/contests Logs due Dec 6 in Cabrillo format via on-line form at http://www.b4h.net/cabforms or by email to sscw@arrl.org or to November SS CW, ARRL, 225 Main St, Newington, CT 06111. North American Collegiate ARC Championship--CW. This is a competition based on Sweepstakes results between club stations at institutions of higher education beyond the high school level. Clubs enter Sweepstakes in any of the valid entry categories. Separate champions will be determined for CW, Phone and Combined scores. For more information: http://www.collegiatechampionship.org/ Kentucky QSO Party--CW/Phone, sponsored by the Western KY DX Association from 1400Z Nov 11 - 0600Z Nov 12. Frequencies (MHz): CW--1.815 and 60 kHz above band edge; SSB--1.840, 3.985, 7.285, 14.285, 21.385, 28.585. Exchange: RS(T) and KY county or S/P/C. QSO Points: 160 meters--2 pts, CW--2 pts, SSB--1 pt. Score: QSO points x KY counties (KY stations add states and provinces) counted only once. KY mobiles add 1000 points for each activated county, min 10 QSOs (not incl. home county). 100 bonus points for a QSO with KY4DXA. For more information: k4txj@arrl.net. Logs due Dec 31 to Western Kentucky DX Association, PO Box 73, Alvaton, KY 42122. High Speed Club CW Contest, sponsored by the Radio Telegraphy High Speed Club (HSC) from 0900Z - 1100Z and 1500Z - 1700Z Nov 5. Frequencies: 80-10 meters, 10-30 kHz above band edge. Categories: SOAB-LP (<150W), SOAB-QRP (<5W), SWL. Exchange: RST + HSC member number or "NM". QSO Points: HSC member--5 pts, non-member--1 pt. Score: QSO points. For more information: http://www.dl3bzz.de/ Logs due 6 weeks after the contest to hsc-contest@dl3bzz.de or Lutz Schröer, DL3BZZ, HSC Contest-Manager, Am Niederfeld 6, 35066 Frankenberg / Eder, Germany. IPA Contest--Phone/CW, sponsored by The International Police Association Radio Club. CW from 0600Z-1000Z and 1400Z-1800Z Nov 4, Phone from 0600Z-1000Z and 1400Z-1800Z Nov 5. Frequencies: 80-10 meters with 15-minute band change rule. Categories: SOAB, MS, MM and SWL. Exchange RST + serial number (IPARC members send "IPA" + state if US). QSO Points: IPARC members--5 pts, non-member--1 pt. Score: QSO points x DXCC entities + US states counted once per band. Multipliers are only counted for QSOs with IPARC members. For more information: http://www.ipa-rc.de/ Logs due Dec 31 to dl8kcg@darc.de or Uwe Greggersen, DL8KCG, Hurststr 9, D-51645 Gummersbach, Germany Ukranian DX Contest--CW/SSB/RTTY, sponsored by the Ukrainian Amateur Radio League and the Ukrainian Contest Club from 1200Z Nov 4 - 1200Z Nov 5. Frequencies: 160-10 meters, with 10-minute band change rule. Categories: SOAB, SOAB-QRP (<5W), SOAB-RTTY, SOSB, MS, MS-RTTY, SWL. Exchange: RST + serial number or Ukraine oblast). QSO Points: same country--1 pt, same continent--2 pts, different cont--3 pts, Ukranian station--10 pts. Score: QSO points x DXCC entities + WAE countries + oblasts. For more information: http://www.ucc.zp.ua/ Logs due 30 days after the contest to urdx@ham.kiev.ua or to Ukrainian Contest Club HQ, PO Box 4850, Zaporizhzhe, 69118, Ukraine. DARC 10-Meter Digital "Corona"--RTTY/AMTOR/PACTOR/PSK31/Clover, sponsored by Deutscher Amateur Radio Club from 1100Z - 1700Z Nov 5. Frequencies (MHz): 28.050-28.150, work stations once per mode. Categories: SO, SWL. Exchange: RST + serial number. QSO Points: 1pt/QSO. Score: QSO points x DXCC entities + WAE countries + JA/VE/W call districts (all counted only once). For more information: http://www.darc.de/referate/dx/cqdlcont/fgdcc.htm Logs due 4 weeks after the contest to dl9gs@darc.de or A.Schlendermann DL9GS, Postfach 102201, D-44807 Bochum, Germany. Radio Club of America QSO Party, SSB/AM, from 1700Z Nov 4 - 0500Z Nov 5. See Web site for frequency schedule. Exchange: RST, QTH, name, equipment used. RCA members sign their calls "/RCA". For more information: http://www.radioclubofamerica.org/ or rlraide@adelphia.net. Logs to mraide@rochester.rr.com or Mike Raide W2ZE, 21 Canandaiqua Street, Shortsville, NY 14548. Japan International DX Contest--Phone, from 0700Z Nov 11 - 1300Z Nov 12. Frequencies: 80 -- 10 meters. Categories: SOAB and SOSB (HP, LP), MO, Maritime Mobile. Exchange: RST + JA prefecture number or CQ Zone. QSO Points: 80 or 10-meters--2 pts, otherwise 1 pt. Score: QSO Points x JA prefectures + JD1 provinces (JA stations use DXCC entities). For more information: http://jidx.org/ Logs due Dec 31 to ph@jidx.org or JIDX "PHONE/CW" Contest, c/o Five-Nine Magazine, PO Box 59, Kamata, Tokyo, 144-8691 Japan. Worked All Europe DX Contest (WAEDC)--RTTY, from 0000Z Nov 11 - 2359Z Nov 12. Frequencies: 80-10 meters according to Region I band plan. Categories: SOHP, SOLP, MS, SWL. Spotting assistance allowed (SO stations not using spotting assistance will be noted). SO operate 36 hrs max, up to three off periods of 1 hour min. Everyone works everyone format, different than CW and SSB WAE. Exchange: RS(T) and serial number. Score 1 pt/QSO and 1 pt/QTC. Final score is QSOs + QTCs x weighted multipliers. Multipliers: non-EU use DXCC entities, EU use WAE countries plus call districts in W, VE, VK, ZL, ZS, JA, PY and RA8/9/0. Mults on 80m count x4, on 40m x3, otherwise x2. A QTC is a report sent from a non-EU station back to an EU station of QSOs that took place earlier in the contest RTTY QTC may only be exchanged between continents. A QTC contains the time, call sign, and QSO number of the station being reported (e.g. 1307/DL1AA/346). A QSO may only be reported once and not back to the originating station. A maximum of 10 QTCs can be sent to a single station. The same station can be worked several times to complete this quota, but only the original QSO has QSO point value. Keep a list of QTCs sent. For example, QTC 3/7 would indicate that this is the third series of QTCs sent, and seven QSOs are reported. For more information: http://www.waedc.de/ Logs due Dec 15 to waedc@dxhf.darc.de or to DARC, WAEDC Contest, Lindenallee 4, 34225 Baunatal, Germany. OK/OM DX Contest--CW, sponsored by the Czech Radio Club (CRC) from 1200Z Nov 11 - 1200Z Nov 12. Frequencies: 160-10-meters. Categories: SOAB-HP (>100W), SOSB-HP, SOAB-LP, SOSB-LP, SOAB-QRP (<5W), MS, SWL, packet spotting allowed for all categories. Exchange: RST plus serial number or OK/OM district. QSO Points: EU to OK/OM--1 pt, non-EU to OK/OM--3 pts. Score: QSO points x OK/OM districts (OK/OM stations use WPX prefixes) counted once per band. For more information: http://okomdx.radioamater.cz/ Logs due Dec 1 to okomdx@crk.cz or OK-OM DX Contest, CRK, PO Box 69, 113 27 Praha 1, Czech Republic. CQ WE (Western Electric)--CW/Phone/Digital, from 1900Z Nov 11 - 0500Z Nov 13. Frequencies: 160 - 70 cm (no repeater contacts). Contact as many hams as possible that currently work for, did work for, or are retired from any part of the pre-divestiture "Bell System" or any company created from it. Categories: SOAB (Bell and non-Bell). Exchange: Call, name, Bell location, Years of Bell service (non-Bell send "ZZ" and "1"). QSO Points: equal to years of service. Score: sum of QSO points x location codes for each mode (locations counted once only). For more information: http://cqwe.cboh.org/ Send logs to carl_yaffey@yahoo.com or Carl L Yaffey K8NU, 435 Walhalla Rd, Columbus, OH 43202. VHF+ CONTESTS ARRL EME Contest, from 0000Z Nov 11 - 2400Z Nov 12. Frequencies: 50 - 1296 MHz. Categories: SOAB, SOSB, MO, Commercial. Exchange: signal report. QSO Points: 100 pts/QSO. Score: QSO points x W/VE states/provinces + DXCC entities (counted once per band). For more information: http://www.arrl.org/contests Logs due Dec 17 to emecontest@arrl.org or EME Contest, ARRL, 225 Main St, Newington, CT 06111. -oo --- -o - -- oo ooo ooo -o-- --- oo- o-o LOG DUE DATES - 1 NOVEMBER TO 14 NOVEMBER 2006 o-oo --- --o -oo o o- -oo o-oo oo -o o ooo November 1 - 432 MHz Fall Sprint, email logs to: w4kxy@arrl.net, paper logs and diskettes to: Jim Worsham W4KXY, 1915 Oak Wind Lane, Buford, GA 30519-6766, USA. Find rules at: http://svhfs.org/fall_sprint_rules.htm November 5 - YLRL Anniversary Party, CW, email logs to: kc4iyd@yahoo.com, paper logs and diskettes to: Nancy Rabel Hall, KC4IYD, PO Box 775, North Olmsted, OH 44070, USA. Find rules at: http://www.ylrl.org/ylcontests.html November 5 - UBA ON Contest, 2m, email logs to: ubaon@uba.be, paper logs and diskettes to: Leon Welters, ON5WL, Borgstraat 80, B-2580 Beerzel, Belgium. Find rules at: http://www.uba.be/hf_contests/rules/ubateston_en.html November 11 - Microwave Fall Sprint, email logs to: dmcintyre@att.net, paper logs and diskettes to: Dexter McIntyre W4DEX, 16164 Pless Mill Rd Stanfield, NC 28163, USA. Find rules at: http://svhfs.org/fall_sprint_rules.htm November 12 - YLRL Anniversary Party, SSB, email logs to: kc4iyd@yahoo.com, paper logs and diskettes to: Nancy Rabel Hall, KC4IYD, PO Box 775, North Olmsted, OH 44070, USA. Find rules at: http://www.ylrl.org/ylcontests.html November 12 - Oceania DX Contest, Phone and CW, email logs to: ph@oceaniadxcontest.com or cw@oceaniadxcontest.com, paper logs and diskettes to: Oceania DX Contest, c/o Wellington Amateur Radio Club Inc., PO Box 6464, Wellington 6030, New Zealand. Find rules at: http://www.oceaniadxcontest.com/rules.pdf November 13 - FISTS Fall Sprint, email logs to: W8PIG@yahoo.com, paper logs and diskettes to: Dan Shepherd, N8IE, 1900 Pittsfield St., Kettering, Oh 45420, USA. Find rules at: http://www.fists.org/sprints.html November 13 - 10-10 Int. Fall Contest, email logs to: tentencontest@alltel.net, paper logs and diskettes to: Steve Rasmussen, N0WY, #68684, 312 N. 6th Street, Plattsmouth, NE 68048, USA. Find rules at: http://www.ten-ten.org/rules.html ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS & SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATION The Contester's Rate Sheet wishes to acknowledge information from the following sources: WA7BNM's Contest Calendar Web page - <http://www.hornucopia.com/contestcal> SM3CER's Web site - <http://www.sk3bg.se/contest> ARRL members may subscribe at no cost by editing their Member Data Page as described at <http://www.arrl.org/contests/rate-sheet>. Excel and Windows are trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation